Figures and videos for

Complex singularities for Burgers’ equation with piecewise-continuous initial conditions

Figure 1a: Step down IC videos
Figure 1b: Step up IC videos
Figure 7: Odd step down IC videos
Figure 10: Top hat IC videos
Saw tooth IC videos

Saw tooth IC exact solution: $$ u(x, t) = \frac{x {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{t+1}}\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{\pi \mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}+2 \left(t+1\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t-2 x+1}{4 \mu t}} \mu+x {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t+x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{t+1}}\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{\pi \mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}-2 \left(t+1\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t+2 x+1}{4 \mu t}} \mu-4 \left(t+1\right)^{2} \sinh\! \left(\frac{x}{2 \mu t}\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t+1}{4 \mu t}} \mu}{\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}\, \sqrt{\pi}\, \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu}}\, \left(t+1\right)^{{3}/{2}} \left({\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{t+1}}\right)+{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t+x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{t+1}}\right)+{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{1}{4 \mu}} \sqrt{t+1}\, \left(\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x-1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)-\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)+2\right)\right)} $$

Figure 13: Exponential step down IC videos
Ramp down IC videos

Ramp down IC exact solution: $$ u(x, t) = \frac{{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t-2 x}{4 \mu \left(t-1\right)}} \mathrm{\sqrt{\pi \mu t}} \sqrt{1-t}\, \left(x-1\right) \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{1-t}}\right)+\left(x-1\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu}}\, \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x-1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{1-t}}\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{t}}\, \sqrt{1-t}\, \sqrt{\pi}\, {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t-2 x}{4 \mu \left(t-1\right)}}-2 t \mu \left(t-1\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t-2 x+1}{4 \mu t}}+\mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{t-2 x}{4 \mu}} \left(\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}-1\right)^{2} \sqrt{\pi}\, \left(\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}+1\right)^{2} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)+2 t \mu \left(t-1\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu t}}+\mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{t-2 x}{4 \mu}} \left(\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}-1\right)^{2} \sqrt{\pi}\, \left(\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}+1\right)^{2}}{\sqrt{\pi \mu} \sqrt{1-t}\, \mathrm{\sqrt{t}}\, \left(t-1\right) \left(-{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t-2 x}{4 \mu \left(t-1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{1-t}}\right)-{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t-2 x}{4 \mu \left(t-1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x-1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{1-t}}\right)+\left({\mathrm e}^{\frac{t-2 x}{4 \mu}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)+{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{1}{4 \mu}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x-1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)+{\mathrm e}^{\frac{t-2 x}{4 \mu}}+{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{1}{4 \mu}}\right) \sqrt{1-t}\right)} $$

Ramp up IC exact solution: $$ u(x, t) = \frac{-x {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}}\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{\pi \mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}+2 \mu t \left(t+1\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+t-2 x+1}{4 \mu t}}-x {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}}\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{\pi \mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}+{\mathrm e}^{\frac{1+t-2 x}{4 \mu}} \sqrt{\pi t} \left(t+1\right)^{2} \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu}}\, \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)-2 \mu t \left(t+1\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu t}}-{\mathrm e}^{\frac{1+t-2 x}{4 \mu}} \sqrt{\pi t} \left(t+1\right)^{2} \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu}}}{\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}\, \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu}}\, \sqrt{\pi}\, \left(-{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}}\right)-{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu \left(t+1\right)}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}}\right)+\sqrt{t+1}\, \left(\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{t-x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right) {\mathrm e}^{\frac{1+t-2 x}{4 \mu}}+\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)-{\mathrm e}^{\frac{1+t-2 x}{4 \mu}}-1\right)\right) \left(t+1\right)^{{3}/{2}}} $$

Tipi IC exact solution: $$ u(x, t) =\frac{-\left(\mu x+\mu\right) \sqrt{\pi}\, \left(\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\mu t-\mu x}{2 \mu {\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{t+1}}\right)+\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\left(x+t+1\right) \mu-\mu t}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}\, \mu}\right)\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu}}\, \mu \left(\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}-1\right)^{2} \sqrt{t+1}\, \mathrm{\sqrt{t}}\, \left(\mathrm{\sqrt{t}}+1\right)^{2} {\mathrm e}^{\frac{-x^{2} \mu^{2}+\mu^{2} t-2 \mu x \mu}{4 \mu \,\mu^{2} \left(t+1\right)}}+\mu \left(\left(\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\left(x+t-1\right) \mu-\mu t}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{-t+1}\, \mu}\right)+\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\mu t-\mu x}{2 \mu {\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{-t+1}}\right)\right) \sqrt{\pi}\, \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu}}\, \left(-\mu x+\mu\right) \mathrm{\sqrt{t}}\, \sqrt{-t+1}\, \left(t+1\right)^{2} {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{\mu^{2} x^{2}+\mu^{2} t-2 \mu \mu x}{4 \mu \,\mu^{2} \left(t-1\right)}}+2 \left(t-1\right) \mu \left(t+1\right) \left({\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu t}} \left(t-1\right) {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\left(-2 x-t-1\right) \mu+2 \mu t}{4 t \mu \mu}}+{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu t}} \left(t+1\right) {\mathrm e}^{\frac{\left(2 x+t-1\right) \mu-2 \mu t}{4 t \mu \mu}}+\left(-2 t^{2}+2\right) \sinh\! \left(\frac{t-2 x}{4 \mu t}\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}+1}{4 \mu t}}-2 {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4 \mu t}} t\right) \mu\right)}{\mathrm{\sqrt{\pi \mu t}} \sqrt{-t+1}\, \mu \left(t-1\right) \left(t+1\right)^{{3}/{2}} \mu \left(-\left(\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\mu t-\mu x}{2 \mu {\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{t+1}}\right)+\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\left(x+t+1\right) \mu-\mu t}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{t+1}\, \mu}\right)\right) \sqrt{-t+1}\, {\mathrm e}^{\frac{-x^{2} \mu^{2}+\mu^{2} t-2 \mu x \mu}{4 \mu \,\mu^{2} \left(t+1\right)}}+\left(\left(\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\left(x+t-1\right) \mu-\mu t}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}} \sqrt{-t+1}\, \mu}\right)+\mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{\mu t-\mu x}{2 \mu {\sqrt{\mu t}}\, \sqrt{-t+1}}\right)\right) {\mathrm e}^{-\frac{\mu^{2} x^{2}+\mu^{2} t-2 \mu \mu x}{4 \mu \,\mu^{2} \left(t-1\right)}}-\sqrt{-t+1}\, \left({\mathrm e}^{-\frac{1}{4 \mu}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x-1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)-{\mathrm e}^{\frac{1}{4 \mu}} \mathrm{erf}\! \left(\frac{x+1}{2 \mathrm{\sqrt{\mu t}}}\right)+{\mathrm e}^{-\frac{1}{4 \mu}}+{\mathrm e}^{\frac{1}{4 \mu}}\right)\right) \sqrt{t+1}\right)} $$